Manganese is the second most common heavy metal after iron. Manganese excesses are most common in water with iron excesses. Manganese removal processes are often performed simultaneously with de-ironing technology. Its removal from water takes place in a similar way as for iron. Manganese is most often found in water in the dissolved form Mn2+. De-manganization is performed by oxidizing the element to Mn4+. The pH value has a great influence on manganese removal. Manganese is best oxidized at pH 8. For this reason catalysts in the form of manganese oxides are used, which are often coated on the beds. The best catalysts are manganese ores such as Pyrolox. On the Polish market there are many types of beds intended for manganese removal apart from Pyrolox, such as Birm, Defeman, G1, GreenSand. Each of these beds is characterized by different parameters, price and effectiveness. The choice of bed is usually determined by the type of technology, quantity of manganese, experience of the water treatment company, and price.
